Хроническая Болезнь Почек: Функция Почек и Показатели Здоровья
Хроническая болезнь почек затрагивает миллионы людей во всём мире. Раннее выявление через регулярные анализы крови крайне важно.
Что Такое Хроническая Болезнь Почек?
Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) — это постепенная потеря функции почек со временем. Почки фильтруют отходы и избыток жидкости из крови.
Ключевые Почечные Показатели
СКФ (Скорость Клубочковой Фильтрации) — самый важный показатель: ≥90 — норма, 60-89 — 2 стадия, 30-59 — 3 стадия, 15-29 — 4 стадия, <15 — 5 стадия.
Факторы Риска
Основные факторы риска включают диабет, высокое давление, сердечные заболевания и семейную историю.
Профилактика и Защита Почек
Защитите почки, контролируя давление и сахар в крови, поддерживая гидратацию и проходя регулярные обследования.
🌍 Regional Context
Хроническая болезнь почек — растущая глобальная проблема здравоохранения.
В России около 13% взрослых имеют ту или иную степень ХБП.
Данные Российского общества нефрологов.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Какая СКФ указывает на болезнь почек?
СКФ ниже 60 мл/мин/1.73м² в течение 3+ месяцев указывает на хроническую болезнь почек.
📊 Ключевые Метрики для Мониторинга
Эти показатели здоровья необходимы для диагностики и мониторинга chronic kidney disease (ckd):
🔬 Diagnostic Criteria
Healthcare providers use these thresholds to diagnose and classify chronic kidney disease (ckd):
| Metric | Threshold | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| eGFR | ≥90 mL/min | Stage 1 (Normal/High) |
| eGFR | 60-89 mL/min | Stage 2 (Mild decrease) |
| eGFR | 45-59 mL/min | Stage 3a (Mild-Moderate) |
| eGFR | 30-44 mL/min | Stage 3b (Moderate-Severe) |
| eGFR | 15-29 mL/min | Stage 4 (Severe) |
| eGFR | <15 mL/min | Stage 5 (Kidney Failure) |
Note: Diagnosis requires clinical evaluation. These criteria are for reference only.
⚠️ Risk Factors
🔴 Potential Complications
If left unmanaged, chronic kidney disease (ckd) may lead to:
✅ Prevention Strategies
🧬 Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Medical LiteratureCKD involves progressive nephron loss from various causes. Diabetes and hypertension account for 60%+ of cases, causing glomerular damage. As nephrons are lost, remaining ones hypertrophy and hyperfiltrate, leading to further damage. Proteinuria accelerates progression through tubular toxicity. Declining kidney function causes metabolic abnormalities: uremia, anemia (reduced EPO), bone disease (phosphorus retention, vitamin D deficiency), and cardiovascular complications. The kidneys' role in regulating blood pressure, electrolytes, and acid-base balance makes CKD a systemic disease.
📈 Epidemiology & Statistics
CDC / WHO Data🔍 Screening Recommendations
KDIGO/NKFRecommended Tests
- eGFR calculation from serum creatinine
- Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
- Blood pressure measurement
- Electrolyte panel as CKD progresses
💊 Treatment Approaches
Clinical GuidelinesBlood Pressure Control
1Target <130/80, ACE inhibitors/ARBs preferred
SGLT2 Inhibitors
2Kidney protection beyond glucose control
Dietary Management
3Protein and sodium restriction as appropriate
Dialysis/Transplant
4Renal replacement therapy for ESRD
🔬 Recent Research & Advances
Peer-Reviewed Studies📊 Understanding Related Metrics
These health metrics play key roles in diagnosing, monitoring, and managing chronic kidney disease (ckd). Understanding what each measures helps you better interpret your results.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
CKD involves progressive nephron loss from various causes. Diabetes and hypertension account for 60%+ of cases, causing glomerular damage. As nephrons are lost, remaining ones hypertrophy and hyperfiltrate, leading to further damage. Proteinuria accelerates progression through tubular ...
How common is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
37 million Americans (15%) have CKD
What metrics should I monitor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Key metrics include: eGFR, Creatinine, BUN, Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, Cystatin C. Regular monitoring of these values can help track disease status and treatment response.
How is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves: eGFR calculation from serum creatinine, Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), Blood pressure measurement. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results in the context of your overall health.
Can Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) be prevented?
Prevention strategies typically focus on lifestyle modifications and managing risk factors. Early detection through screening is also important.
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About this page: This page combines data from authoritative sources with AI-assisted analysis to provide comprehensive metric benchmarks. The content has been written and reviewed by our team to ensure accuracy, relevance, and quality.
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